What is Glaucoma?
Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases that cause damage to the optic nerve, which is crucial for vision. This damage is often linked to elevated pressure in the eye (intraocular pressure), although glaucoma can occur even with normal eye pressure. If left untreated, it can lead to irreversible blindness. Known as the “silent thief of sight,” glaucoma often progresses without noticeable symptoms in its early stages, making regular eye exams critical for early detection.
Types of Glaucoma
1. Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma (POAG): This is the most common form of glaucoma. It occurs when the drainage canals in the eye become clogged over time, leading to increased eye pressure. POAG develops slowly and painlessly, making it hard to detect without regular eye checkups.
2. Angle-Closure Glaucoma: This type is less common but more severe. It occurs when the drainage canals in the eye are blocked or closed, leading to a sudden rise in intraocular pressure. Symptoms can include sudden eye pain, blurred vision, and nausea. This is a medical emergency and requires immediate attention.
3. Normal-Tension Glaucoma: In this form, optic nerve damage occurs despite normal intraocular pressure. The exact cause is unclear, but it may be linked to poor blood flow to the optic nerve.
4. Secondary Glaucoma: This can develop as a result of an eye injury, inflammation, tumour, or conditions like diabetes or cataracts. Steroid use and other medications can also contribute to secondary glaucoma.
Diagnosis and Treatment
1. Medications: Eye drops or oral medications to reduce eye pressure.
2. Laser Therapy: Used to help drain fluid from the eye.
3. Surgery: Procedures such as trabeculectomy create a new drainage channel for fluid to leave the eye.
Prevention
1.Regular Eye Exams: Especially if you fall into a high-risk category.
2.Exercise: Regular, moderate exercise can reduce intraocular pressure.
3.Protect Your Eyes: Wear eye protection during sports or tasks that could lead to injury.
Conclusion
Glaucoma is a lifelong condition that can have devastating effects on vision if not properly managed. Regular screenings, early detection, and adherence to treatment plans are key to preserving sight. As it often progresses silently, awareness and proactive care are essential in preventing irreversible blindness.
References
1.American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2022). What is Glaucoma?. Retrieved from [https://www.aao.org](https://www.aao.org)
2.National Eye Institute. (2023). Facts About Glaucoma. Retrieved from [https://www.nei.nih.gov](https://www.nei.nih.gov)
3. Mayo Clinic. (2023). Glaucoma: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment. Retrieved from [https://www.mayoclinic.org](https://www.mayoclinic.or)
Written by Lordina Yelioni from MEDILOQUY